Stellar monsters do not collide: No hope for a spectacular catastrophe
For a long time, astronomers have believed that the biggest stars in the Universe do not exceed 150 solar masses. However, three years ago star clusters in the Magellanic Clouds were discovered to house "impossible" stars -- tremendous monsters with masses between 200 and 300 times that of our own Sun. The discovery aroused great interest among astrophysicists, in particular those involved in the century-long search for gravitational waves. If such stellar monsters formed tight binary systems, collisions between their remnants could occur. The gravitational waves resulting from such an event would be powerful enough that even our current detectors could sense them -- and at distances much larger than for typical stellar black holes. "But we cannot count on detecting any such spectacular collision," says Dr. Krzysztof Belczyński of the Astronomical Observatory of the Faculty of Physics at the University of Warsaw.
Dr. Belczyński's team discussed the latest results of their research with participants at the 10th Edoardo Amaldi Conference on Gravitational Waves, now being held in Warsaw in conjunction with the 20th International Conference on General Relativity and Gravitation (GR20/Amaldi10).
Stars with large masses may end their lives in two ways: their material can be blown into space or they can collapse under their own gravity into a black hole. A few months ago, astrophysicists led by Dr Norhasliza Yusof at the University of Kuala Lumpur demonstrated, using computer modelling, that some supermassive stars can form black holes. This means that the universe might indeed play host to binary systems of supermassive stars which later evolved or transformed into systems of two black holes with masses much larger than these typically observed for black holes.
Objects orbiting in tight binary systems composed of neutron stars or ordinary black holes lose their energy over time, leading to closer and closer orbits and finally a collision. Such a collision may have the astronomically observable effect of a powerful gamma-ray burst, and the explosion should also be accompanied by the emission of gravitational waves. However, up to now we have failed to observe these waves. Current detectors can only "see" the collison of typical black holes in the local Universe. The collision of black holes produced by supermassive stars would be something else entirely. Then, the gravitational waves should be strong enough that they might be detected in the near future.
But such a collision turns out not to be in the cards.
The components of common large star binary systems with masses of, say, 50, or even 100 solar masses, are formed at a distance from each other of at least several hundred or even several thousand solar radii. Such objects cannot be born closer together, because the resulting density of matter would collapse into one star and a binary system would not be created. Therefore, for an already formed binary system to collide, its components must somehow lose orbital energy. This happens due to the rapid evolution of one of the objects, which at a particular point begins to expand rapidly. The second component of the system then moves in the atmosphere of its companion and -- as a result of interaction with it -- quickly loses energy. As a consequence of this the orbit tightens in what is known as a common envelope event.
"In a supermassive binary star system, the situation is different," says Dr. Belczyński. "We know that the components of such a system must be formed at a relatively large distance from each other. We also know that supermassive stars do not expand, so there cannot be a common envelope phase. This means that there is no physical mechanism that would effectively cause the orbit to tighten!"
In this situation, the only process that allows for a gradual loss of energy by the remnants of supermassive stars in a binary system is the emission of gravitational waves. But the gravitational waves emitted by such a system of widely separated stars or black holes are very weak and the energy loss is slow.
"It will take many tens of billions of years, perhaps hundreds of billions of years, for the black holes to collide. That is many times longer than the amount of time which has passed since the Big Bang, so we stand practically no chance of detecting the gravitational waves from such a collision in the heavens. Unless...," Dr. Daniel Holz of the University of Chicago trails off in mid-sentence.
Exactly: unless the current models of stellar evolution and the formation of binary stars in dust clouds of matter are wrong. Then the observation of such a spectacular catastrophe in space would mean a spectacular disaster for contemporary astrophysical theories.
Welcome to SUV System Ltd!
SUV System Ltd is ISO 90012008 Certified electronics distributor with 10 years of experiences.
We have built up long term business relationship with about many companies which are stockers and authorized agents. we have a steady and reliable supply to meet customer's demands to the greatest extent .Confidently, we are able to lower your cost and support your business with our years of professional service.
SUV System Ltd is Electronic Components Distributor Supplies,Find Quality Electronic Components Supplies Products IC(Integrated Circuits),Connectors,Capacitor,Resistors,Diodes,Transistors,LED at Suvsystem.com. Sourcing Other Energy, Environment, Excess Inventory Products from Manufacturers and Suppliers at Suvsystem.com
Electronic Components distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com
Connectors Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Connectors-1.html
IC Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/IC(Integrated-Circuits)-1.html
LED Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/LED-1.html
Capacitor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Capacitor-1.html
Transistor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Transistors-1.html
Resistor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Resistors-1.html
Diode Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Diodes-1.html
SUV System Ltd insists on the managing faith ofsincereness,speciality,foresight, win-win,so we build up stable-relationship customers located all over the world, including the States, Europe, Argentina, UAE, Malaysia, Australia,and India etc
we are focus on the following fields,and hope we can help you.
Multi-units Transistors Capacitor Transistors Freescale components Transistors HARRIS IC Military IC Zener Diodes YAGEO Resistors Civil IC Chip Inductors Other Parts Infineon Technologies Transistors NXP Transistors MOTOROLA IC LINEAR IC Current Sensors Resistors PANASONIC Resistors ON Transistors NEC Diodes DIODES Transistors NEC Transistors Metal Can Packages Transistors MURATA IC Cypress IC PANASONIC About US IR transistor Rectifier Diodes IC(Integrated Circuits) TOSHIBA Transistors IR Diodes Texas Instruments(TI) IC ST Transistors Resistor Arrays TDK IC Connectors Bipolar Transistors Fleld Effect Transistors FAIRCHILD diodes
http://www.suvsystem.com/a/3665.aspx
没有评论:
发表评论